Lyme Disease Essays (1202 words) - Rheumatology, RTT,

Lyme Disease Lyme disease is a tick-transmitted inflammatory disorder characterized by an early focal skin lesion, and subsequently a growing red area on the skin (erythema chronicum migrans or ECM). The disorder may be followed weeks later by neurological, heart or joint abnormalities. Symptomatology The first symptom of Lyme disease is a skin lesion. Known as erythema chronicum migrans, or ECM, this usually begins as a red discoloration (macule) or as an elevated round spot (papule). The skin lesion usually appears on an extremity or on the trunk, especially the thigh, buttock or the under arm. This spot expands, often with central clearing, to a diameter as large as 50 cm (c. 12 in.). Approximately 25% of patients with Lyme disease report having been bitten at that site by a tiny tick 3 to 32 days before onset of ECM. The lesion may be warm to touch. Soon after onset nearly half the patients develop multiple smaller lesions without hardened centers. ECM generally lasts for a few weeks. Other types of lesions may subsequently appear during resolution. Former skin lesions may reappear faintly, sometimes before recurrent attacks of arthritis. Lesions of the mucous membranes do not occur in Lyme disease. The most common symptoms accompanying ECM, or preceding it by a few days, may include malaise, fatigue, chills, fever, headache and stiff neck. Less commonly, backache, muscle aches (myalgias), nausea, vomiting, sore throat, swollen lymph glands, and an enlarged spleen may also be present. Most symptoms are characteristically intermittent and changing, but malaise and fatigue may linger for weeks. Arthritis is present in about half of the patients with ECM, occurring within weeks to months following onset and lasting as long as 2 years. Early in the illness, migratory inflammation of many joints (polyarthritis) without joint swelling may occur. Later, longer attacks of swelling and pain in several large joints, especially the knees, typically recur for several years. The knees commonly are much more swollen than painful; they are often hot, but rarely red. Baker's cysts (a cyst in the knee) may form and rupture. Those symptoms accompanying ECM, especially malaise, fatigue and low-grade fever, may also precede or accompany recurrent attacks of arthritis. About 10% of patients develop chronic knee involvement (i.e. unremittent for 6 months or longer). Neurological abnormalities may develop in about 15% of patients with Lyme disease within weeks to months following onset of ECM, often before arthritis occurs. These abnormalities commonly last for months, and usually resolve completely. They include: 1. lymphocytic meningitis or meningoencephalitis 2. jerky involuntary movements (chorea) 3. failure of muscle coordination due to dysfunction of the cerebellum (cerebellar ataxia) 4. cranial neuritis including Bell's palsy (a form of facial paralysis) 5. motor and sensory radiculo-neuritis (symmetric weakness, pain, strange sensations in the extremities, usually occurring first in the legs) 6. injury to single nerves causing diminished nerve response (mononeuritis multiplex) 7. inflammation of the spinal cord (myelitis). Abnormalities in the heart muscle (myocardium) occur in approximately 8% of patients with Lyme disease within weeks of ECM. They may include fluctuating degrees of atrioventricular block and, less commonly, inflammation of the heart sack and heart muscle (myopericarditis) with reduced blood volume ejected from the left ventricle and an enlarged heart (cardiomegaly). When Lyme Disease is contracted during pregnancy, the fetus may or may not be adversely affected, or may contract congenital Lyme Disease. In a study of nineteen pregnant women with Lyme Disease, fourteen had normal pregnancies and normal babies. If Lyme Disease is contracted during pregnancy, possible fetal abnormalities and premature birth can occur. Etiology Lyme disease is caused by a spirochete bacterium (Borrelia Burgdorferi) transmitted by a small tick called Ixodes dammini. The spirochete is probably injected into the victim's skin or bloodstream at the time of the insect bite. After an incubation period of 3 to 32 days, the organism migrates outward in the skin, is spread through the lymphatic system or is disseminated by the blood to different body organs or other skin sites. Lyme Disease was first described in 1909 in European medical journals. The first outbreak in the United States occurred in the early 1970's in Old lyme, Connecticut. An unusually high incidence of juvenile arthritis in the area led scientists to investigate and identify the disorder. In 1981, Dr. Willy Burgdorfer identified the bacterial spirochete organism (Borrelia Burgdorferi) which causes this disorder. Affected Population Lyme Disease occurs in wooded areas with populations of mice and deer which carry ticks, and can be contracted during any season of the year. Related Disorders Rheumatoid Arthritis is a disorder similar in appearance to

Free Essays on Baptist Church

Baptist Church I attended Coral Baptist Church on February 23, 2003 in Coral Springs, FL. Coral Baptist is a Southern Baptist Church. Coral Baptist Church teaches and practices â€Å"discipleship†. CBC believes that the most important thing that Jesus Christ does is â€Å"radically and wonderfully change lives† (coralbaptistchurch.org/AboutCBC.htm). The modern Baptist denomination began in England and Holland in the seventeenth century. There were two major groups that were classified as General Baptist and Particular Baptist. There are four major views from which the Baptist movement is thought to have originated from. One view is the outgrowth of English Separatism. Another is the influence of Anabaptists. The third and fourth views are the continuation of biblical teachings and the succession of Baptist churches. There are over 23,000,000 Baptists in the US today which belong to different types of Baptist churches such as: Southern Baptist, American Baptist, Primitive Baptist, Separate Baptist, Reform Baptist, and Regular Baptist. About 520,000 Baptists live in the Ft. Lauderdale/Miami area according to adherents.com. This is about 16.2% of the areas population. I felt extremely comfortable walking into Coral Baptist Church. I was greeted at the door and handed a pamphlet, which I failed to look at until the end of the service. I did remember some parts, which I later wrote filled in the blanks of the â€Å"message notes† that I have attached. The church was large and filled with a good mixture of people of all colors and ages. I ended up sitting in the balcony and mostly kept my eyes on the TV monitors, which had the Pastor’s sermon notes on, somewhat like a power point presentation. The church’s interior was very plain, with no major icons on the pulpit. There were banners hanging around the room that said things such as â€Å"God is great†, and messages of peace. The sermon ... Free Essays on Baptist Church Free Essays on Baptist Church Baptist Church I attended Coral Baptist Church on February 23, 2003 in Coral Springs, FL. Coral Baptist is a Southern Baptist Church. Coral Baptist Church teaches and practices â€Å"discipleship†. CBC believes that the most important thing that Jesus Christ does is â€Å"radically and wonderfully change lives† (coralbaptistchurch.org/AboutCBC.htm). The modern Baptist denomination began in England and Holland in the seventeenth century. There were two major groups that were classified as General Baptist and Particular Baptist. There are four major views from which the Baptist movement is thought to have originated from. One view is the outgrowth of English Separatism. Another is the influence of Anabaptists. The third and fourth views are the continuation of biblical teachings and the succession of Baptist churches. There are over 23,000,000 Baptists in the US today which belong to different types of Baptist churches such as: Southern Baptist, American Baptist, Primitive Baptist, Separate Baptist, Reform Baptist, and Regular Baptist. About 520,000 Baptists live in the Ft. Lauderdale/Miami area according to adherents.com. This is about 16.2% of the areas population. I felt extremely comfortable walking into Coral Baptist Church. I was greeted at the door and handed a pamphlet, which I failed to look at until the end of the service. I did remember some parts, which I later wrote filled in the blanks of the â€Å"message notes† that I have attached. The church was large and filled with a good mixture of people of all colors and ages. I ended up sitting in the balcony and mostly kept my eyes on the TV monitors, which had the Pastor’s sermon notes on, somewhat like a power point presentation. The church’s interior was very plain, with no major icons on the pulpit. There were banners hanging around the room that said things such as â€Å"God is great†, and messages of peace. The sermon ...

How to beat writers block - Emphasis

How to beat writers block How to beat writers block Someone once said that writing is easy. You just sit at your keyboard and wait till the beads of blood form on your forehead. For anyone who has ever suffered from writers block (and thats all of us), this will be a familiar scenario. It doesnt have to be that way though: you can beat writers block. But first you need to realise what causes it. Fight the fear Usually its down to two things: fear and lack of information. You dont have to dislike a subject to fear writing about it. In fact, your document could be about something that you find fascinating and it might still cause you problems. The trouble is that we worry that as soon as we put fingers to keyboard, reality will set in. Were afraid that it wont be perfect, that people may disagree with us or that well mess it up. Well, heres the first truth: all those fears might come true. And heres the second: it doesnt matter. Yes, it doesnt matter if its not perfect. In fact, nothing is ever perfect. The key is to realise that success is not perfection. To misquote General George Patton, better to have an imperfect report today than a perfect one in six weeks time. Because if you dont write it at all, it doesnt matter how much potential your document has. And what could be more galling than avoiding writing a perfect document and losing out to someone who wrote an imperfect one? Get what you need If fear isnt the issue, then probably its that you dont know what to write. In other words, you lack information. So get it. Perhaps you dont know what your reader expects. If so, then filling out a reader-profile questionnaire should help. (You can download one here.) And if youre still not sure, why not ask your reader or someone who knows them better than you do some well-targeted questions? Be sure to think the topic through first though, to show that youre not just being lazy. Brainstorm all that you know already with a mind map or some similar tool then put question marks against all topics that need a little more research. Whatever it is you need to know, acknowledge that, then go and find out. A few words of warning though: make sure you really do need to know it, and that youre not just being a perfectionist. Remember, success is not perfection. Kick-start your writing Finally, here are a few practical tips to get you going: Plan first. Planning can be a great way to ease yourself into the writing itself. Besides, its critical to separate the thinking from the writing, otherwise your document could end up a jumbled mess that makes sense only to you. Planning first does exactly that. Pick a leading task. Sitting and stewing will only increase your stress and muddle your thinking. So pick something that you need to do before you can write such as launching your word-processing program or opening the folder that contains the information you need. Then do that first. This will begin to put you in action mode, and make the writing itself easier. Planning is a good leading task, incidentally (see above). Set a time. Pick a time to start writing, and do your leading task just beforehand. As the time to write approaches, you should start to feel energised and able to get going. Pick an introduction. There are four types of introduction, and picking one of these types gives you (and your reader) an instant in. For instance, the Historical intro type contrasts what used to happen last year/decade or whenever with whats happening now, and creates a real sense of movement in your readers mind. Give yourself a time limit. If after all this, youre still paralysed with fear, then simply set yourself a time limit. Resolve to write for five minutes and only five minutes. This usually works where all other methods fail. After all, how bad can five minutes be? What usually happens with the last technique is that you start writing more quickly as the time limit approaches which sets you up nicely for writing the rest of the document. You need to be honest for this method to work though. So do allow yourself to stop after five minutes if youre really not happy. Then set a time to do another five minutes. You almost certainly wont need many five minutes sessions before youre in full flow.

Cremation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Cremation - Essay Example However the remains are not ashes in the literal sense but they are dried bone segments. Cremation leaves the bones in fine sand like texture. These bone segments left are cremation are called as cremated bones. (1986) A place where modern day cremation occurs is called as crematorium (Cambridge , 2009). Crematorium usually consists of furnaces called as cremators and other facilities for handling of ashes. Cremation usually takes places in crematorium at very high temperatures of up to 870-980 C with special modifications to ensure the efficient disintegration of the corpse (L, 2005) . Europe which had earlier practised cremation of bodies abandoned the rite with the advent of Christianity which forbade cremation of bodies. The custom of earth burial came into vogue. It symbolised the burial of Jesus Christ and the day of Resurrection. (Kohmescher, 1999) However modern day Christianity permits cremation without violating its basic Christian norms and there has been a steady rise in this funerary practice form the mid 1960's especially in England , France , Italy and Switzerland. Skin and Hair are the first parts of the body which burn when a body is put to fire. During this phase 60-70% of the total body weight which is water vaporises due to intense heat. The loss of water causes muscles and tendons of the body to shrink. (L, 2005) When body burns further, the skeleton gets exposed when the soft underlying tissue disintegrates due to heat. Brain and ligament tissues are the last to be destroyed due to heat. Bones are however not destroyed at this heat, their composition and structure changes as there water content and collagen is destroyed and only mineral component is left behind. Bone crystal constantly increase in when heated up to 525 degree Celsius, and between the temperatures of 525 degree to 645 degree Celsius there is a sudden shift to a greater crystalline structure with a greater increase in the individual size of a single crystal. Above 645 degree Celsius there is no further change. After the cremation is over what remains behind are these dried out bone fragments that are altered in size and shape, both. Besides minerals these dried bone fragments also contain calcium phosphates. These cremated bone fragments are ash grey in colour and form about 2.5% (in children) to 3.5% (in adults) of the total body mass of the body. (Mays, 198) Information available

Targeting Consumers Based on Age in Tourism and Hospitality Essay

Targeting Consumers Based on Age in Tourism and Hospitality - Essay Example There are also social impacts of tourism. These factors include condition of the local and regional economy, level of development of the tourism destination and the level of attachment of the local community (Fredline et al., 2006, p.2). In these contexts business organisations involved in the tourism and hospitality business try to put greater emphasis on social and cultural factors in affecting tourism. Demographic profiling and changes in demographic structure of the country under consideration is an important aspect in this regard where different age groups are targeted for the development of the tourism business (Fredline et al., 2006, p.vi, 27). This paper is aimed at providing the critical analysis of is it time to ditch demographic profiling, or is it more important than ever in the digital era? Demographic profiling and tourism and hospitality: Large number of tourist places is present in the world. These tourist places are providing different types of products and services to the visitors to attract them. These divergences give tourists large variety in their choice of tourist places in the world. ... Therefore, in the markets for tourism and hospitality motivation of tourists is very important for the purpose of identifying the markets and also for the development of the business perspectives. There are various studies conducted on these concepts which are emphasised as â€Å"Push† and â€Å"Pull† factors. The â€Å"Push† factors are responsible for taking potential tourists away from their home. On the contrary, â€Å"Pull† factors are responsible for attracting these tourists to the tourist destinations. In this context, various other factors, such as beaches and accommodation, historical as well as cultural resources of different tourist places also play significant roles in the development of the tourism and hospitality business. These factors again affect the motivation of the tourists to travel in different places in the world. Various factors have been identifies by researchers in the context of increasing the motivation of the tourists to visit different places all across the globe. These factors have greatly been used or applied by the business organisations which are involved in the tourism business. Among the â€Å"Push† factors there are various internal factors which include desire for rest or relaxation, desire for making adventurous trips, escapes and health etc. These factors are said to affect the motivation of the people to conduct tours to different tourist places (Jonsson and Devonish, 2008, pp.399-400). Socio-demographic factors affect the attitude of the residents of a place towards tourism marketing (Kwon, 2008, pp.70-71). For example, changes in the demographic profile of the backpackers are affecting the demand for these in New Zealand (Richards and Wilson, 2004). In different tourist palace of Brazil also these

Major trends in corrections Essay Example for Free

Major trends in corrections Essay Functions of photography in police investigation: It can be to heal- using of photography, the investigator solved the crime by examining the photograph and identify who is the perpetrator. It can be to inform It can be to record- to record the crime scene itself and to record the evidence. It can be to influence It can be to entertain It can be to transform It can be to preserve- to preserve all the evidence that captured in the crime scene. Even though the crime scene is cleaned there are the photographs to be examined. It can be to decorate It can be to use- used in examining crime scene. And it is used as evidence. It can be to play 2010: The year of the correctional officerIn a year of tightened budges, officer furloughs, and increased media attention, officers stood strong.| By Barry EvertEvery year I am asked to write about the year prior. Quite honestly, I rarely agree to this because it usually has little training value. This year, though, I have made the exception. 2010 was a lot of things to a lot of people. Overall, probably, it was a rough year for most reading this. 2010 was not the year of the dragon, or the year of the dog; it was the year of the Correctional Officer.Budget cuts was the song sung from high at almost every capitol building in the country. Politicians proudly paraded themselves as the saviors of the economy as they slashed public safety budgets to new lows. At the same time new spending programs were put into place for everything from the protection of tree frogs to building bridges to nowhere. At the bottom of this pile was corrections. Many police agencies were able to scream loudly enough to get enough funding to keep their departments running, albeit barely. When Corrections agencies made the same call, we were largely ignored. Many states implemented a â€Å"furlough† program, or something similar, that cut the salaries of the lowest paid employees. On top of this, training was cut to an all time low, while the hiring of new officers was frozen. Simple math tells us that it was also time for a whole generation of officers to retire. They have yet to be replaced, so mandatory overtime is the norm. During the build-up of the popularity of crack cocaine in the early 80’s, crime rose to an all time high. Incarceration rates shot through the roof at the same time. This, along with tougher sentencing laws, led to a wave of prison building and hiring. By the early 90’s, most departments had outgrown themselves, and were desperately hiring as many people as they could. Those officers are now due to retire. Few states took this into consideration, so as we entered this year under budget cuts, we were expected to do more with less much less.So was 2010 a loss? Not exactly. Through all of this, the community has learned an important lesson if they choose to look. In almost any other profession, these reductions in pay, along with an increase in danger at the working environment, would have led to catastrophic work stoppages, or large scale protests. But no one walked away from their duties. No one went on strike. And to the best of my knowledge, there were only a few small scale protests by officers. At the end of the day, feeling underappreciated and underpaid, correctional officers punch the clock after protecting society from those they have incarcerated. With many of the resources cut or gone, we went about our business and did our job. Yes, some mistakes were made. Many were due to a lack of resources or just plain tired officers making mistakes. With fewer resources in place, and with less staff, the average officer worked even harder than usual, and did so at a discounted salary.No walk-outs, no â€Å"blue flu,† no rebellion. I would never have expected less from us as a group, but others are starting to take note. People who have never dealt with corrections are starting to understand our predicament. It was not because we sat on the floor and threw a temper tantrum about our working conditions, but it was through our continued dedication to the safety of the public, regardless of what was thrown at us, that people are starting to take note of us. 2010 was the year of the Correctional Professional. I have never been prouder to be part of a group of people than I am today. I realized this about 6 months ago when I overheard several officers talking. The officers were discussing a major union conference that had just taken place. During this conference, the possibility of striking had come up. It was decided at this conference that the membership of this union could vote to strike if they felt it necessary. The officers were discussing the possibility of a strike. By the time the 5 minute conversation was over, all of the officers walked away agreeing that there was no way they would ever strike, even if it was legal to do so. The reasons ranged from not wanting to leave their brothers and sisters behind, to feeling that they were officers first, union members second. Do you think this conversation would have been the same had it been on the floor of a factory?This sentiment quickly spread throughout the state, and it was made clear to this union that striking is not now, and never will be an option; it would be better to resign. This came out of the mouths of officers who, like me, had suffered a 15% pay reduction, an increase in their medical payments, and an increase in retirement contributions. Many officers have lost their homes, or have had members in their family, or themselves, take on another job. Through it all they are still dedicated.This is why this has been the year of the Correctional Officer. Although this has been a tough year, and things are not looking any better for next year, people on the outside are getting to see us for who we really are. How many times have we said: â€Å"If people only knew what we went through.† The people are listening, so speak wisely and keep your head up. Don’t ever forget why you wear that uniform, and continue to be the proud, dedicated officers we know you can be.So I raise my glass as we pass through the last part of this year, to all of those we lost this year. To all of our brothers and sisters who have made the ultimate sacrifice: You are not forgotten. To all of us who continue to protect, I say: Bravo! The people are finally starting to listen. Make sure you are saying the right things.Be safe out there folks, and party sanely.

How to Lift Heavy Objects :: essays research papers

How to Lift Heavy Objects It is important to understand how to lift objects correctly. The results of improper handling of materials may result in a painful hernia, a strained or pulled muscle, or a disk lesion. The following rules are to be observed when lifting heavy objects. 1. Do NOT lift an object if it is too heavy or too bulky for good balance. Get help or use mechanical aids such as a dolly or hand truck. 2. Keep the load as close to the centre of your body. The farther the load is from the small of your back, the greater the strain. That is the reason a heavy compact load is easier to lift than a bulky, lighter load - you just cannot get the bulky object close to you. The best way to handle a compact load is to squat down close to the load with one foot alongside it and the other foot behind it. With the feet comfortably spread, you will have better stability with the rear foot in the position for the upward thrust of the lift. 3. Pull the load toward you, then lift it gradually. Avoid quick and jerky motions. Push up on your legs while keeping your back straight. A straight back keeps the spine, back muscles, and other organs of the body in the correct alignment. Tucking in your chin helps to align the spine. No matter what size the load, get as close to it as you can; then get a good grip by using the full palm and extending your fingers and hands around the object. Remember that your fingers have very little power and need the strength of your entire hand. Keep your arms and elbows tucked into the side of your body to help keep the body weight centred. Avoid twisting your body during the lift or while moving the load; change directions by moving your feet. Twisting your body during a lift is one of the most common causes of back injury. 4. Be sure to have a clear vision over the load you are handling. 5. Do NOT change your grip while you are carrying the load. 6. Face the spot in which you intend to set the object down; bend your knees keeping your back as straight as possible and the weight of the object close to your body. 7. Always allow enough room for the load to prevent injury to your toes and fingers.